assessing understanding → assessments → formal assessments

Here are formal inventories designed to assess students' understanding of the causal patterns in ecosystems or density. Under each topic, you will find: 1) an inventory with open-ended questions and/or multiple choice questions designed to fit with different student models; 2) a rubric for scoring students' responses; 3) individual student score sheets; and 4) tips for scoring so that you get the most out of the assessments in a diagnostic sense.